The compressor is like the heart of your refrigerator – if it isn’t working, your fridge won’t either. If you have concerns about the performance of your compressor, you’re in the right place. We’ll walk you through how a compressor works, how to tell if it’s malfunctioning, and what you can do about it. Let’s get started!
What is a refrigerator compressor?
The compressor is the single most important part of your refrigerator – without a compressor, your refrigerator is useless. The role of the compressor is to circulate refrigerant gas throughout the coils of your refrigerator.
There are a few different types of compressors, such as reciprocating compressors, scroll compressors, and rotary compressors, but whatever the type, they are essential for the performance of your refrigerator.
How does a compressor work?
The compressor works hand in hand with the refrigerant to cool the interior of your fridge and freezer compartments. It compresses refrigerant gas, raising the temperature and pressure of the gas before sending it into the condenser coils. When the gas flows through the coils, it condenses into a liquid and releases its heat into the area surrounding your refrigerator.
The now-liquid refrigerant is then moved through a tube that causes its pressure to drop, turning it into a cold gas. As this gas spreads through the evaporator coils, it absorbs heat from the interior of the refrigerator, cooling inside the refrigerator compartment.
The cycle is then repeated when the refrigerant gas flows back to the compressor. The continuous heating and cooling cycle removes heat from the interior of the refrigerator and releases it outside the appliance, maintaining a cool interior compartment that keeps your food fresh and cool.
What can go wrong with a refrigerator compressor?
Like any other component of your refrigerator, compressors can fail or malfunction. These are some of the most common issues that can affect compressor performance:
Electrical issues
Wiring or other electrical issues can occur in the compressor and the surrounding components, leading to impaired function.
Refrigerant leaks
If there is a leak somewhere in the refrigerant lines, it will inhibit the compressor’s ability to cool properly. The compressor will have to work harder to cool your refrigerator and can even lead to burnout.
Worn parts
Wear and tear can affect the internal components of the compressor, such as the pistons, valves, and the motor. This can cause the compressor to work less efficiently or even fail completely.
Overheating
Various issues, such as leaks or lack of ventilation can cause your compressor to overheat. This puts additional strain on the compressor which can lead to failure.
Dirty condenser coils
Dirty condenser coils mean your compressor is unable to release heat properly. This leads to the compressor working harder to maintain temperature and can result in overheating and malfunction.
Compressor burnout
Compressor burnout is caused by high temperatures in your compressor’s motor windings. This is usually a catastrophic failure and will mean the entire compressor needs replacing.
Signs your compressor is malfunctioning
We’ve gone over what can go wrong with a compressor, but how can you tell if yours is faulty? Here are some of the top warning signs that your compressor isn’t functioning as it should:
Not cooling properly
If your refrigerator is not cooling properly and you’ve ruled out other issues, it could be due to an overworked or faulty compressor.
Knocking noises
A faulty compressor may be noisy, so if your fridge has suddenly started making clicking, buzzing, or knocking noises, you should check it out.
Continuous running
A functioning compressor should cycle on and off, with periods of quiet interspersed with periods of low noise. If you notice your compressor is running continuously and doesn’t cycle off, there may be a problem.
Sudden increase in electricity usage
If you’ve suddenly noticed an increase in your electric bill, your compressor could be to blame. This will usually occur alongside other telltale signs.
Overheating
If your compressor is working too hard to maintain temperature, it will start to overheat. If you notice your fridge is hot to the touch at the back, this could be due to an overworked compressor.
Clicking noises
A clicking noise can be a sign that the compressor is trying to start but is not able to begin cycling. This will be combined with a total lack of cooling.
Complete cooling shutdown
A faulty compressor can lead to a complete shutdown of the cooling system.
How to fix a faulty compressor
Many issues involving a faulty compressor will require professional help to fix, as working with and disposing of refrigerant requires certification. There are some things you can do as a DIYer to solve compressor issues, and if you enlist the help of a certified professional the compressor itself can be replaced.
Remember to always unplug your fridge before attempting any repairs, and to consult your user manual if you’re not sure where something is located.
Replace the start relay
The start relay helps the compressor to start up, and if it is faulty it can prevent the compressor from working. If you’ve noticed a clicking noise and your compressor failing to start, the relay could be the culprit. Test the relay with a multimeter, and if it is malfunctioning, source a compatible replacement part and replace it.
Replace the capacitor
If the capacitor is not holding a charge, it can stop your compressor from starting up. Check your user manual to help you locate the capacitor, then test it with a multimeter. If it is malfunctioning, replace it with a compatible part.
Clean the coils
If your refrigerator is still working but not as efficiently, try cleaning the coils. Use a vacuum cleaner with a coil brush attachment to remove all dust and grime from the coils, then wait to see if the cooling issue has been resolved.
Repair refrigerant leaks
With the help of a professional, check the refrigerant lines for leaks. Once located, recharge the refrigerant so that the levels are sufficient for cooling and repair the leak.
Replace the compressor
Replacing the compressor itself may be necessary in the case of burnout or other major compressor malfunction. This will require the help of a certified technician to ensure safety when handling refrigerant. Here’s what to do.
- First, source a replacement compressor, ensuring it is compatible with your make and model refrigerator.
- With the help of a certified technician, remove all refrigerant from the lines and safely store it.
- Access the compressor – in most cases, this will require removing the back panel of your fridge.
- Disconnect the wires and refrigerant lines and remove the old compressor.
- Put the new compressor in place and secure it. Connect all the wiring and refrigerant lines.
- Remove any air and moisture from the compressor and refrigerant lines.
- Add refrigerant back into the system.
- Replace all the panels and restore power to your refrigerator. Keep an eye on the cooling to ensure that everything is operating as it should.